// -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
// Copyright (C) 2009, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2015 Laboratoire de Recherche
// et Développement de l'Epita (LRDE).
// Copyright (C) 2003, 2004, 2005 Laboratoire d'Informatique de
// Paris 6 (LIP6), département Systèmes Répartis Coopératifs (SRC),
// Université Pierre et Marie Curie.
//
// This file is part of Spot, a model checking library.
//
// Spot is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
// under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// Spot is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
// ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
// or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public
// License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with this program. If not, see .
#pragma once
#include "fwd.hh"
#include "acc.hh"
#include "bdddict.hh"
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include "misc/casts.hh"
#include "misc/hash.hh"
#include "tl/formula.hh"
namespace spot
{
/// \ingroup twa_essentials
/// \brief Abstract class for states.
class SPOT_API state
{
public:
/// \brief Compares two states (that come from the same automaton).
///
/// This method returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater
/// than zero if \a this is found, respectively, to be less than, equal
/// to, or greater than \a other according to some implicit total order.
///
/// This method should not be called to compare states from
/// different automata.
///
/// \sa spot::state_ptr_less_than
virtual int compare(const state* other) const = 0;
/// \brief Hash a state.
///
/// This method returns an integer that can be used as a
/// hash value for this state.
///
/// Note that the hash value is guaranteed to be unique for all
/// equal states (in compare()'s sense) for only has long has one
/// of these states exists. So it's OK to use a spot::state as a
/// key in a \c hash_map because the mere use of the state as a
/// key in the hash will ensure the state continues to exist.
///
/// However if you create the state, get its hash key, delete the
/// state, recreate the same state, and get its hash key, you may
/// obtain two different hash keys if the same state were not
/// already used elsewhere. In practice this weird situation can
/// occur only when the state is BDD-encoded, because BDD numbers
/// (used to build the hash value) can be reused for other
/// formulas. That probably doesn't matter, since the hash value
/// is meant to be used in a \c hash_map, but it had to be noted.
virtual size_t hash() const = 0;
/// Duplicate a state.
virtual state* clone() const = 0;
/// \brief Release a state.
///
/// Methods from the tgba or twa_succ_iterator always return a
/// new state that you should deallocate with this function.
/// Before Spot 0.7, you had to "delete" your state directly.
/// Starting with Spot 0.7, you should update your code to use
/// this function instead. destroy() usually call delete, except
/// in subclasses that destroy() to allow better memory management
/// (e.g., no memory allocation for explicit automata).
virtual void destroy() const
{
delete this;
}
protected:
/// \brief Destructor.
///
/// Note that client code should call
/// s->destroy();
instead of delete s;
.
virtual ~state()
{
}
};
/// \ingroup twa_essentials
/// \brief Strict Weak Ordering for \c state*.
///
/// This is meant to be used as a comparison functor for
/// STL \c map whose key are of type \c state*.
///
/// For instance here is how one could declare
/// a map of \c state*.
/// \code
/// // Remember how many times each state has been visited.
/// std::map seen;
/// \endcode
struct state_ptr_less_than
{
bool
operator()(const state* left, const state* right) const
{
assert(left);
return left->compare(right) < 0;
}
};
/// \ingroup twa_essentials
/// \brief An Equivalence Relation for \c state*.
///
/// This is meant to be used as a comparison functor for
/// an \c unordered_map whose key are of type \c state*.
///
/// For instance here is how one could declare
/// a map of \c state*.
/// \code
/// // Remember how many times each state has been visited.
/// std::unordered_map seen;
/// \endcode
struct state_ptr_equal
{
bool
operator()(const state* left, const state* right) const
{
assert(left);
return 0 == left->compare(right);
}
};
/// \ingroup twa_essentials
/// \ingroup hash_funcs
/// \brief Hash Function for \c state*.
///
/// This is meant to be used as a hash functor for
/// an \c unordered_map whose key are of type \c state*.
///
/// For instance here is how one could declare
/// a map of \c state*.
/// \code
/// // Remember how many times each state has been visited.
/// std::unordered_map seen;
/// \endcode
struct state_ptr_hash
{
size_t
operator()(const state* that) const
{
assert(that);
return that->hash();
}
};
typedef std::unordered_set state_set;
/// \ingroup twa_essentials
/// \brief Render state pointers unique via a hash table.
class SPOT_API state_unicity_table
{
state_set m;
public:
/// \brief Canonicalize state pointer.
///
/// If this is the first time a state is seen, this return the
/// state pointer as-is, otherwise it frees the state and returns
/// a point to the previously seen copy.
///
/// States are owned by the table and will be freed on
/// destruction.
const state* operator()(const state* s)
{
auto p = m.insert(s);
if (!p.second)
s->destroy();
return *p.first;
}
/// \brief Canonicalize state pointer.
///
/// Same as operator(), except that a nullptr
/// is returned if the state is not new.
const state* is_new(const state* s)
{
auto p = m.insert(s);
if (!p.second)
{
s->destroy();
return nullptr;
}
return *p.first;
}
~state_unicity_table()
{
for (state_set::iterator i = m.begin(); i != m.end();)
{
// Advance the iterator before destroying its key. This
// avoid issues with old g++ implementations.
state_set::iterator old = i++;
(*old)->destroy();
}
}
size_t
size()
{
return m.size();
}
};
// Functions related to shared_ptr.
//////////////////////////////////////////////////
typedef std::shared_ptr shared_state;
inline void shared_state_deleter(state* s) { s->destroy(); }
/// \ingroup twa_essentials
/// \brief Strict Weak Ordering for \c shared_state
/// (shared_ptr).
///
/// This is meant to be used as a comparison functor for
/// STL \c map whose key are of type \c shared_state.
///
/// For instance here is how one could declare
/// a map of \c shared_state.
/// \code
/// // Remember how many times each state has been visited.
/// std::map seen;
/// \endcode
struct state_shared_ptr_less_than
{
bool
operator()(shared_state left,
shared_state right) const
{
assert(left);
return left->compare(right.get()) < 0;
}
};
/// \ingroup twa_essentials
/// \brief An Equivalence Relation for \c shared_state
/// (shared_ptr).
///
/// This is meant to be used as a comparison functor for
/// un \c unordered_map whose key are of type \c shared_state.
///
/// For instance here is how one could declare
/// a map of \c shared_state
/// \code
/// // Remember how many times each state has been visited.
/// std::unordered_map seen;
/// \endcode
struct state_shared_ptr_equal
{
bool
operator()(shared_state left,
shared_state right) const
{
assert(left);
return 0 == left->compare(right.get());
}
};
/// \ingroup twa_essentials
/// \ingroup hash_funcs
/// \brief Hash Function for \c shared_state (shared_ptr).
///
/// This is meant to be used as a hash functor for
/// an \c unordered_map whose key are of type
/// \c shared_state.
///
/// For instance here is how one could declare
/// a map of \c shared_state.
/// \code
/// // Remember how many times each state has been visited.
/// std::unordered_map seen;
/// \endcode
struct state_shared_ptr_hash
{
size_t
operator()(shared_state that) const
{
assert(that);
return that->hash();
}
};
typedef std::unordered_set shared_state_set;
/// \ingroup twa_essentials
/// \brief Iterate over the successors of a state.
///
/// This class provides the basic functionalities required to
/// iterate over the successors of a state, as well as querying
/// transition labels. Because transitions are never explicitely
/// encoded, labels (conditions and acceptance conditions) can only
/// be queried while iterating over the successors.
class SPOT_API twa_succ_iterator
{
public:
virtual
~twa_succ_iterator()
{
}
/// \name Iteration
//@{
/// \brief Position the iterator on the first successor (if any).
///
/// This method can be called several times to make multiple
/// passes over successors.
///
/// \warning One should always call \c done() (or better: check
/// the return value of first()) to ensure there is a successor,
/// even after \c first(). A common trap is to assume that there
/// is at least one successor: this is wrong.
///
/// \return whether there is actually a successor
virtual bool first() = 0;
/// \brief Jump to the next successor (if any).
///
/// \warning Again, one should always call \c done() (or better:
/// check the return value of next()) ensure there is a successor.
///
/// \return whether there is actually a successor
virtual bool next() = 0;
/// \brief Check whether the iteration is finished.
///
/// This function should be called after any call to \c first()
/// or \c next() and before any enquiry about the current state.
///
/// The usual way to do this is with a \c for loop.
///
/// for (s->first(); !s->done(); s->next())
/// ...
virtual bool done() const = 0;
//@}
/// \name Inspection
//@{
/// \brief Get the state of the current successor.
///
/// Note that the same state may occur at different points
/// in the iteration. These actually correspond to the same
/// destination. It just means there were several transitions,
/// with different conditions, leading to the same state.
///
/// The returned state should be destroyed (see state::destroy)
/// by the caller after it is no longer used.
virtual state* current_state() const = 0;
/// \brief Get the condition on the transition leading to this successor.
///
/// This is a boolean function of atomic propositions.
virtual bdd current_condition() const = 0;
/// \brief Get the acceptance conditions on the transition leading
/// to this successor.
virtual acc_cond::mark_t current_acceptance_conditions() const = 0;
//@}
};
namespace internal
{
struct SPOT_API succ_iterator
{
protected:
twa_succ_iterator* it_;
public:
succ_iterator(twa_succ_iterator* it):
it_(it)
{
}
bool operator==(succ_iterator o) const
{
return it_ == o.it_;
}
bool operator!=(succ_iterator o) const
{
return it_ != o.it_;
}
const twa_succ_iterator* operator*() const
{
return it_;
}
void operator++()
{
if (!it_->next())
it_ = nullptr;
}
};
}
/// \defgroup twa TωA (Transition-based ω-Automata)
///
/// Spot is centered around the spot::twa type. This type and its
/// cousins are listed \ref tgba_essentials "here". This is an
/// abstract interface. Its implementations are either \ref
/// tgba_representation "concrete representations", or \ref
/// tgba_on_the_fly_algorithms "on-the-fly algorithms". Other
/// algorithms that work on spot::twa are \ref tgba_algorithms
/// "listed separately".
/// \addtogroup twa_essentials Essential TωA types
/// \ingroup twa
/// \ingroup twa_essentials
/// \brief A Transition-based ω-Automaton.
///
/// The acronym TωA stands for Transition-based ω-automaton.
/// We may write it as TwA or twa, but never as TWA as the
/// w is just a non-utf8 replacement for ω that should not be
/// capitalized.
///
/// TωAs are transition-based automata, meanings that not-only
/// do they have labels on arcs, they also have an acceptance
/// condition defined in term of sets of transitions.
/// The acceptance condition can be anything supported by
/// the HOA format (http://adl.github.io/hoaf/). The only
/// restriction w.r.t. the format is that this class does
/// not support alternating automata
///
/// Previous version of Spot supported a type of automata called
/// TGBA, which are TωA in which the acceptance condition is a set
/// of sets of transitions that must be intersected infinitely
/// often.
///
/// In this version, TGBAs are now represented by TωAs for which
/// aut->acc().is_generalized_buchi())
returns true.
///
/// Browsing such automaton can be achieved using two functions:
/// \c get_init_state, and \c succ. The former returns
/// the initial state while the latter lists the
/// successor states of any state.
///
/// Note that although this is a transition-based automata, we never
/// represent transitions in the API! Transition data are
/// obtained by querying the iterator over the successors of a
/// state.
class SPOT_API twa: public std::enable_shared_from_this
{
protected:
twa(const bdd_dict_ptr& d);
// Any iterator returned via release_iter.
mutable twa_succ_iterator* iter_cache_;
bdd_dict_ptr dict_;
public:
#ifndef SWIG
class succ_iterable
{
protected:
const twa* aut_;
twa_succ_iterator* it_;
public:
succ_iterable(const twa* aut, twa_succ_iterator* it)
: aut_(aut), it_(it)
{
}
succ_iterable(succ_iterable&& other)
: aut_(other.aut_), it_(other.it_)
{
other.it_ = nullptr;
}
~succ_iterable()
{
if (it_)
aut_->release_iter(it_);
}
internal::succ_iterator begin()
{
return it_->first() ? it_ : nullptr;
}
internal::succ_iterator end()
{
return nullptr;
}
};
#endif
virtual ~twa();
/// \brief Get the initial state of the automaton.
///
/// The state has been allocated with \c new. It is the
/// responsability of the caller to \c destroy it when no
/// longer needed.
virtual state* get_init_state() const = 0;
/// \brief Get an iterator over the successors of \a local_state.
///
/// The iterator has been allocated with \c new. It is the
/// responsability of the caller to \c delete it when no
/// longer needed.
virtual twa_succ_iterator*
succ_iter(const state* local_state) const = 0;
#ifndef SWIG
/// \brief Build an iterable over the successors of \a s.
///
/// This is meant to be used as
/// for (auto i: aut->succ(s)) { /* i->current_state() */ }
.
succ_iterable
succ(const state* s) const
{
return {this, succ_iter(s)};
}
#endif
/// \brief Release an iterator after usage.
///
/// This iterator can then be reused by succ_iter() to avoid
/// memory allocation.
void release_iter(twa_succ_iterator* i) const
{
if (iter_cache_)
delete i;
else
iter_cache_ = i;
}
/// \brief Get a formula that must hold whatever successor is taken.
///
/// \return A formula which must be verified for all successors
/// of \a state.
///
/// This can be as simple as \c bddtrue, or more completely
/// the disjunction of the condition of all successors. This
/// is used as an hint by \c succ_iter() to reduce the number
/// of successor to compute in a product.
///
/// Sub classes should implement compute_support_conditions(),
/// this function is just a wrapper that will cache the
/// last return value for efficiency.
bdd support_conditions(const state* state) const;
/// \brief Get the dictionary associated to the automaton.
///
/// Atomic propositions and acceptance conditions are represented
/// as BDDs. The dictionary allows to map BDD variables back to
/// formulae, and vice versa. This is useful when dealing with
/// several automata (which may use the same BDD variable for
/// different formula), or simply when printing.
bdd_dict_ptr get_dict() const
{
return dict_;
}
/// \brief Register an atomic proposition designated by formula \a ap.
///
/// \return The BDD variable number.
int register_ap(formula ap)
{
aps_.push_back(ap);
int res = dict_->register_proposition(ap, this);
bddaps_ &= bdd_ithvar(res);
return res;
}
/// \brief Register an atomic proposition designated by string \a ap.
///
/// \return The BDD variable number.
int register_ap(std::string name)
{
return register_ap(formula::ap(name));
}
/// \brief Get the vector of atomic propositions used by this
/// automaton.
const std::vector& ap() const
{
return aps_;
}
bdd ap_var() const
{
return bddaps_;
}
/// \brief Format the state as a string for printing.
///
/// This formating is the responsability of the automata
/// that owns the state.
virtual std::string format_state(const state* state) const = 0;
/// \brief Return a possible annotation for the transition
/// pointed to by the iterator.
///
/// You may decide to use annotations when building a tgba class
/// that represents the state space of a model, for instance to
/// indicate how the tgba transitions relate to the original model
/// (e.g. the annotation could be the name of a PetriNet
/// transition, or the line number of some textual formalism).
///
/// Implementing this method is optional; the default annotation
/// is the empty string.
///
/// This method is used for instance in print_dot(),
/// and replay_twa_run().
///
/// \param t a non-done twa_succ_iterator for this automaton
virtual std::string
transition_annotation(const twa_succ_iterator* t) const;
/// \brief Project a state on an automaton.
///
/// This converts \a s, into that corresponding spot::state for \a
/// t. This is useful when you have the state of a product, and
/// want restrict this state to a specific automata occuring in
/// the product.
///
/// It goes without saying that \a s and \a t should be compatible
/// (i.e., \a s is a state of \a t).
///
/// \return 0 if the projection fails (\a s is unrelated to \a t),
/// or a new \c state* (the projected state) that must be
/// destroyed by the caller.
virtual state* project_state(const state* s,
const const_twa_ptr& t) const;
const acc_cond& acc() const
{
return acc_;
}
acc_cond& acc()
{
return acc_;
}
virtual bool is_empty() const;
protected:
acc_cond acc_;
void set_num_sets_(unsigned num)
{
if (num < acc_.num_sets())
{
acc_.~acc_cond();
new (&acc_) acc_cond;
}
acc_.add_sets(num - acc_.num_sets());
}
public:
unsigned num_sets() const
{
return acc_.num_sets();
}
const acc_cond::acc_code& get_acceptance() const
{
return acc_.get_acceptance();
}
void set_acceptance(unsigned num, const acc_cond::acc_code& c)
{
set_num_sets_(num);
acc_.set_acceptance(c);
if (num == 0)
prop_state_based_acc();
}
/// \brief Copy the acceptance condition of another tgba.
void copy_acceptance_of(const const_twa_ptr& a)
{
acc_ = a->acc();
unsigned num = acc_.num_sets();
if (num == 0)
prop_state_based_acc();
}
void copy_ap_of(const const_twa_ptr& a)
{
get_dict()->register_all_propositions_of(a, this);
for (auto f: a->ap())
this->register_ap(f);
}
void set_generalized_buchi(unsigned num)
{
set_num_sets_(num);
acc_.set_generalized_buchi();
if (num == 0)
prop_state_based_acc();
}
acc_cond::mark_t set_buchi()
{
set_generalized_buchi(1);
return acc_.mark(0);
}
protected:
/// Do the actual computation of tgba::support_conditions().
virtual bdd compute_support_conditions(const state* state) const = 0;
mutable const state* last_support_conditions_input_;
private:
mutable bdd last_support_conditions_output_;
std::vector aps_;
bdd bddaps_;
protected:
// Boolean properties. Beware: true means that the property
// holds, but false means the property is unknown.
struct bprop
{
bool state_based_acc:1; // State-based acceptance.
bool inherently_weak:1; // Weak automaton.
bool deterministic:1; // Deterministic automaton.
bool unambiguous:1; // Unambiguous automaton.
bool stutter_invariant:1; // Stutter invariant language.
bool stutter_sensitive:1; // Stutter sensitive language.
};
union
{
unsigned props;
bprop is;
};
#ifndef SWIG
// Dynamic properties, are given with a name and a destructor function.
std::unordered_map>> named_prop_;
#endif
void* get_named_prop_(std::string s) const;
public:
#ifndef SWIG
void set_named_prop(std::string s,
void* val, std::function destructor);
template
void set_named_prop(std::string s, T* val)
{
set_named_prop(s, val, [](void *p) { delete static_cast(p); });
}
template
T* get_named_prop(std::string s) const
{
void* p = get_named_prop_(s);
if (!p)
return nullptr;
return static_cast(p);
}
#endif
void release_named_properties()
{
// Destroy all named properties.
for (auto& np: named_prop_)
np.second.second(np.second.first);
named_prop_.clear();
}
bool has_state_based_acc() const
{
return is.state_based_acc;
}
void prop_state_based_acc(bool val = true)
{
is.state_based_acc = val;
}
bool is_sba() const
{
return has_state_based_acc() && acc().is_buchi();
}
bool is_inherently_weak() const
{
return is.inherently_weak;
}
void prop_inherently_weak(bool val = true)
{
is.inherently_weak = val;
}
bool is_deterministic() const
{
return is.deterministic;
}
void prop_deterministic(bool val = true)
{
is.deterministic = val;
}
bool is_unambiguous() const
{
return is.unambiguous;
}
void prop_unambiguous(bool val = true)
{
is.unambiguous = val;
}
bool is_stutter_invariant() const
{
return is.stutter_invariant;
}
bool is_stutter_sensitive() const
{
return is.stutter_sensitive;
}
void prop_stutter_invariant(bool val = true)
{
is.stutter_invariant = val;
}
void prop_stutter_sensitive(bool val = true)
{
is.stutter_sensitive = val;
}
struct prop_set
{
bool state_based;
bool inherently_weak;
bool deterministic;
bool stutter_inv;
static prop_set all()
{
return { true, true, true, true };
}
};
// There is no default value here on purpose. This way any time we
// add a new property we have to update every call to prop_copy().
void prop_copy(const const_twa_ptr& other, prop_set p)
{
if (p.state_based)
prop_state_based_acc(other->has_state_based_acc());
if (p.inherently_weak)
prop_inherently_weak(other->is_inherently_weak());
if (p.deterministic)
{
prop_deterministic(other->is_deterministic());
prop_unambiguous(other->is_unambiguous());
}
if (p.stutter_inv)
{
prop_stutter_invariant(other->is_stutter_invariant());
prop_stutter_sensitive(other->is_stutter_sensitive());
}
}
void prop_keep(prop_set p)
{
if (!p.state_based)
prop_state_based_acc(false);
if (!p.inherently_weak)
prop_inherently_weak(false);
if (!p.deterministic)
{
prop_deterministic(false);
prop_unambiguous(false);
}
if (!p.stutter_inv)
{
prop_stutter_invariant(false);
prop_stutter_sensitive(false);
}
}
};
/// \addtogroup twa_representation TGBA representations
/// \ingroup twa
/// \addtogroup twa_algorithms TGBA algorithms
/// \ingroup twa
/// \addtogroup twa_on_the_fly_algorithms TGBA on-the-fly algorithms
/// \ingroup twa_algorithms
/// \addtogroup twa_io Input/Output of TGBA
/// \ingroup twa_algorithms
/// \addtogroup twa_ltl Translating LTL formulae into TGBA
/// \ingroup twa_algorithms
/// \addtogroup twa_generic Algorithm patterns
/// \ingroup twa_algorithms
/// \addtogroup twa_reduction TGBA simplifications
/// \ingroup twa_algorithms
/// \addtogroup twa_misc Miscellaneous algorithms on TGBA
/// \ingroup twa_algorithms
}